In what scenario would an aerial applicator require a special permit?

An aerial applicator requires a special permit when flying over populated areas or using restricted pesticides due to the heightened risks associated with these activities. Flying over populated areas presents significant safety concerns, including the possibility of pesticide drift affecting individuals or structures on the ground. This necessitates strict regulatory oversight to ensure the safety of the public.

Using restricted pesticides also often requires special permits because these substances pose greater risks to human health and the environment compared to non-restricted ones. Restricted pesticides may have more stringent application standards and may only be used under specific conditions to minimize potential hazards. Therefore, the requirement for a special permit ensures that the aerial applicator has met the appropriate training and regulatory compliance necessary to conduct these more sensitive operations safely.

Other options do not have the same level of regulatory scrutiny. For instance, flying over water bodies alone does not inherently demand a special permit unless other factors, such as pesticide type or proximity to populated areas, are involved. Similarly, using non-restricted pesticides or applying pesticides in rural areas typically does not require special permits, as these contexts present lower risks than the scenarios described in the correct choice.