Which types of aircraft are primarily used in aerial application?

Fixed-wing aircraft and rotorcraft are primarily used in aerial application because they are specifically designed or modified for the efficient application of substances such as pesticides, fertilizers, and seeds over large agricultural areas. Fixed-wing aircraft have the capacity to cover extensive acreage quickly, making them especially effective for large-scale operations. Their speed and ability to maintain stability at lower altitudes allow for precise application of materials.

Rotorcraft, or helicopters, are valuable in aerial application as they can hover and maneuver in tighter spaces, making them ideal for applications in areas with obstacles such as trees, buildings, or uneven terrain. The versatility of rotorcraft allows for greater precision in applying chemicals directly where they are needed, reducing waste and increasing efficacy.

In contrast, other types of aircraft listed in the options are not primarily used for aerial application due to their limitations in maneuverability, speed, or payload capacity for agricultural needs. For example, gliders and hot air balloons lack the necessary power and control for effective aerial application, while drones and jets, although increasingly used for certain types of aerial work, may not be the most prevalent as fixed-wing and rotorcraft in traditional agricultural settings. Military aircraft and ultralights, while potentially capable of application tasks, do not typically serve the broad agricultural market